Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources     

《Learning and Instruction》2020

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.  相似文献   

坦桑尼亚县域与城乡交通通达水平空间格局特征     

张家旗  陈爽  高群  ISMAEL A. Kimirei 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(6):766-773

坦桑尼亚是"一带一路"倡议通向非洲、辐射非洲内陆的重要门户，它在快速城市化过程中面临交通基础设施严重短缺问题。基于坦桑尼亚公路、铁路、机场、港口、人口和城市分布数据，运用GIS空间分析技术，结合交通通达指数模型，从县域与城乡两个层面对坦桑尼亚交通通达水平的空间格局特征进行定量分析。研究发现：1）坦桑尼亚县域交通通达水平空间分布极不均衡，高值连片区主要位于东北沿海和维多利亚湖沿岸，低值连片区主要位于中央铁路线中段以北、中央铁路线南部的广大地区；2）受地理区位、资源禀赋、殖民历史、政府政策等影响，城市与乡村地区之间的交通通达水平差异十分显著。研究结果有助于坦桑尼亚制定区域交通发展政策和优化资源配置，同时对中-坦产业精准对接和产能转移具有一定的促进意义。  相似文献   

Neural embedding-based indices for semantic search     

Fatemeh Lashkari  Ebrahim Bagheri  Ali A. Ghorbani 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):733-755

Traditional information retrieval techniques that primarily rely on keyword-based linking of the query and document spaces face challenges such as the vocabulary mismatch problem where relevant documents to a given query might not be retrieved simply due to the use of different terminology for describing the same concepts. As such, semantic search techniques aim to address such limitations of keyword-based retrieval models by incorporating semantic information from standard knowledge bases such as Freebase and DBpedia. The literature has already shown that while the sole consideration of semantic information might not lead to improved retrieval performance over keyword-based search, their consideration enables the retrieval of a set of relevant documents that cannot be retrieved by keyword-based methods. As such, building indices that store and provide access to semantic information during the retrieval process is important. While the process for building and querying keyword-based indices is quite well understood, the incorporation of semantic information within search indices is still an open challenge. Existing work have proposed to build one unified index encompassing both textual and semantic information or to build separate yet integrated indices for each information type but they face limitations such as increased query process time. In this paper, we propose to use neural embeddings-based representations of term, semantic entity, semantic type and documents within the same embedding space to facilitate the development of a unified search index that would consist of these four information types. We perform experiments on standard and widely used document collections including Clueweb09-B and Robust04 to evaluate our proposed indexing strategy from both effectiveness and efficiency perspectives. Based on our experiments, we find that when neural embeddings are used to build inverted indices; hence relaxing the requirement to explicitly observe the posting list key in the indexed document: (a) retrieval efficiency will increase compared to a standard inverted index, hence reduces the index size and query processing time, and (b) while retrieval efficiency, which is the main objective of an efficient indexing mechanism improves using our proposed method, retrieval effectiveness also retains competitive performance compared to the baseline in terms of retrieving a reasonable number of relevant documents from the indexed corpus.  相似文献   

Affordances of using Multiple Videoed Events to construct a rich understanding of adult–child book readings     

Maria Nicholas 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2018,41(2):125-141

This paper explores the affordances of using video-based research to capture a multiplicity of events, along with multimodal representations when producing data related to adult–child book readings. In doing this we answer two questions: (1) why more than one event is needed when seeking a comprehensive collection of information for the purpose of analysis; and (2) why one mode of data production alone (e.g. audio recordings or note taking) is insufficient to record practice or interviews when richness is of priority. This research used three videoed events to produce data. These included videoing: (1) caregiver–child interactions during four shared book reading sessions, (2) interviews with caregivers immediately following each of the reading sessions and (3) video-stimulated discussions with caregivers within two months of the final shared book reading. In this paper, I contribute to discussions that highlight the affordances of using video-based research as a means of capturing the multimodal elements of an experience, which can contribute to the analysis and interpretation of data. I expand on this, however, to suggest that when coupled with a multiplicity of events, video-based research can be a means of pursuing richness via a method that has been criticized for its narrow subjectivity.  相似文献   

一种改进的基于峭度指标的FastICA算法     

孟令博  耿修瑞  杨炜暾 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(3):410-416

基于峭度指标的FastICA算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的计算效率，被广泛应用于多光谱图像的特征提取。经典的FastICA算法基于固定点迭代法得到图像的各个独立成分，在迭代过程中，每一个独立成分的求解都需要所有像元的参与。因此，当数据量较大或图像中像元较多时，FastICA的计算量很大，此时它的速度优势就会大打折扣。遥感数据一般都具有较大的尺寸，因此如何将FastICA直接应用于遥感数据，是一个具有实际意义的问题。通过引入多光谱图像协峭度张量的概念，将FastICA的固定点迭代问题转化为代数形式的张量计算，避免每次迭代过程中需所有像元参与的缺陷，因而大大降低计算复杂度。多光谱图像实验结果表明，该算法明显快于传统的基于峭度指标的FastICA算法。  相似文献   

Determination of peak cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in children: which averaging method should we use?     

Joel Blanchard  Samuel Blais  Philippe Chetaille  Michele Bisson  François P. Counil  Thelma H. Girard 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1265-1269

The purpose of this study was to identify which averaging methods most accurately measures peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters [peak O₂ uptake (VO₂), peak O₂pulse and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] in a sample of healthy children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we recruited 278 healthy children aged 12–17 years. We compared the mean peak value of three CRF parameters using the recommended averaging methods (30-second block average) with alternative averaging methods such as moving averages or shorter smoothing periods. We also assessed averaging methods for accuracy by individually reviewing breath-by-breath scatter plots. The 30-second block average method resulted in a lower mean peak VO₂ and in an increased proportion of underestimated peak values. Using a 30-second moving average significantly increased mean peak values which increased accuracy. Similar results were found for peak RER and peak O₂pulse. In conclusion, the currently recommended averaging method (30-second block average) increased the risk of misinterpretation of peak CRF values in children. Using a moving average approach decreased misinterpretation and increased accuracy.  相似文献   

基于“立德树人”的我国青少年体育品德评价指标体系构建研究     

汤利军  蔡皓 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(10):75-80

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、德尔菲法、层次分析法等研究方法，以人的全面发展理论、马斯洛的需要层次理论、道德认知发展心理学理论为基础，以国家出台的各类关于学生道德、品德发展的文件、中小学生手册和奥林匹克精神等为依据，构建出青少年体育品德评价指标体系。指标体系包括体育精神、体育品格、体育道德行为3个一级指标，爱国主义精神、集体主义精神、竞争开拓精神、拼搏进取精神、团队合作精神、创新精神、法制精神、爱、志、信、义、体育道德意应能力、体育道德创造能力和体育道德自我教育能力14个二级指标，并采用层次分析法分析出各指标的权重。青少年体育品德评价指标体系具有一定的科学性、适用性及操作性。  相似文献   

网络舆情衍进指数构建与实证分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄微  朱镇远  许烨婧  孙悦 《图书情报工作》2019,63(20):26-33

[目的/意义]提出和构建网络舆情衍进指数，以描述网络舆情演化过程中常衍生出新的子话题的现象，对于舆情预警、预测具有重要的理论及实践意义。[方法/过程]以文本聚类结果和文本聚类有效性为依据，提出网络舆情衍进的判别标准和舆情衍进指数的构建过程，并以"教科书老赖"这一事件作为样本数据进行实证分析。[结果/结论]所构建的舆情衍进速率指数可以用于描述舆情衍进。在突发期阶段话题舆情衍进指数最高，此后逐渐下降，这一阶段的舆情衍进最为剧烈，子话题的出现呈现爆发性增长；舆情衍进指数在舆情蔓延期内出现阶梯式下降，此后保持为负值，舆情的子话题开始逐渐减少，舆情内容本身由发散转为收敛；进入消散期后，子话题数量趋于稳定。作为舆情衍进速率的测度和舆情衍进的判别方式，舆情衍进指数为舆情监管和舆情预警提供了全新的角度。  相似文献   

我国农村体育精准扶贫改革路径分析     

赵嘉磊 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(6):16-19

为了丰富户外用品上市公司的评价研究，提升企业的经营绩效，以我国户外用品6家上市公司2016年度财务数据为样本，采用熵权法从偿债能力、运营能力、盈利能力和成长能力四个纬度，对其进行了综合评价。结果显示：（1）公司经营结构中，偿债能力所占的权重最大，运营能力次之，盈利能力排名第三，成长能力所占权重最小；（2）6家公司中，4项一级指标的评分存在明显的两极分化现象。其中，三夫户外的偿债能力最强，牧高笛最弱；牧高笛的运营能力和盈利能力最突出，三夫户外的运营能力和嘉麟杰的盈利能力比较薄弱；中潜股份的成长能力最优秀，浙江永强成长能力最小；（3）综合实力强弱顺序依次为探路者、三夫户外、牧高笛、中潜股份、嘉麟杰、浙江永强。  相似文献   

基于Sentinel-1/2的水体提取方法对比研究——以斯里兰卡小型水体为例     

周晗  叶虎平  魏显虎  张宗科  王法溧  齐永菊  马建如 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(6):794-802

地表水面精确提取是研究地表水质和水量变化的重要基础。斯里兰卡是"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的重要参与国，年降雨量丰富，但时空分布不均，斯里兰卡人民长期用水困难，研究斯里兰卡地表水体有助于斯里兰卡民生问题的解决。斯里兰卡国内散布着大量的小型水库和坑塘，这些小面积水体易受周边环境因素影响而提取困难。基于2017年7月斯里兰卡中东部地区的哨兵（Sentinel）1/2号卫星影像，对比分析单波段法、水体指数法和监督分类等水体提取方法的精度和存在的问题。结果表明，归一化水体指数法NDWI的准确率最高，分类精度达94%。  相似文献